The Impact Of Automobile On Air Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

The Impact Of Automobile On Air Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay Air pollution caused by cars is one of the biggest challenges for air pollution that environmentalist are working with now a days. In the 1920s the first car was invented with a combustible engine. Henry Ford was the creator and also later founded Ford Motor Company. The invention of the car was known to be one of the biggest inventions in the 1920s it made transportation a lot better and also added to the economy to give it the boost it needed. The Ford Motor Company came out with Americas first affordable car, called the Model T. (anglefire) To this date there is no exact number of how many cars have been made or sold in the USA from when they had first been invented. A lot of the reasoning behind why there is no perfect number is mainly because not all of them are registered. On the roads today there are around 250 million register vehicles on the roadways. The U.S. Department of Transportation says that 2008 there were 136 million cars, 110 million trucks and close to 1 million buses totaling up to 247 million cars trucks and buses that are on the roads and registered. These statistics do not include cars that are unregistered and sit in junkyards. The U.S. D.O.T states the roughly 16 million new cars are bought yearly. (Wikianswer) Yes, automobiles do make life a lot easier to transport our selfs and objects but they do have an effect on us. Through many scientific test research has shown that it pays a big toll on the environment. These tests have provided us with answers to show the emissions from a car that are put into the atmosphere can be directly connected to human health issues. The exhaust on a vehicle is what produces these emissions. Once they leave the exhaust and enter the air they can be breathed in and enter the blood stream and into the bodys major organs. Diesel fueled vehicles seem to be more of a problem to us and the environment but they but they can have major effects on the body. Some of these harmful fumes that are put out into the atmosphere by a vehicle are carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, benzene, formaldehyde, polycyclic hydrocarbons, and lead. Although studies have clearly connected emissions to a wide span of health problems in the United States, the risk to each individual is very difficult to grasp as it varies. There is no doubt in anyones mind that the mores you are exposed to these toxic fumes that u will be put into a greater risk. (BBC) People who already expierance respiratory problems are at a much greater risk then people who dont suffer from asthma for an example. The biggest and most obvious of where the emissions will take their toll on a human would be there respiratory system. In the UK air pollution cause by vehicles is said to be responsible for 24,000 early deaths every year. Many of these premature deaths have to deal with asthma, bronchitis and many other that can be brought upon someone by vehicle emissions. (BBC) Fumes from an exhaust on a car put out many toxic chemicals that affect the blood and coronary system. Studies show that about one in every 50 heart attacks are caused or triggered by air pollution. (BBC) All the chemicals found in exhaust fumes like lead, benzene, and carbon monoxide can all be connected in a harmful way to a persons blood. When more lead enters the bloodstream it can change around the formation of the red blood cells in your body. It is directly connected to damaging the red blood cells membranes and the metabolism of that cell which may cause it to have a shorter life and can happen to all the red blood cells as well. This can eventually lead to lead anemia. Anemia this when your body has a shortage of cells and this reduces the bodys ability to circulate oxygen through the body. (BBC) Benzene is a chemical that is also found In the emissions put out through the exhaust can have a major effect on bone marrow also damages the way in which the body can produce more red blood cells and their development. When humans get exposed to this chemical it results in a decreasing number of blood cells known as cytopenia. If a human comes in an excessive amount of contact with this chemical it can result in complete bone marrow loss. Which leads to many other health issues that can also lead to death. Carbon monoxide poisoning is a very big issue that most of us have heard of, and we all even protect ourselves from this deadly, highly poisonous, odorless gas. Yet most of us most likely do not realize that your very own family vehicle helps contribute to the two-thirds of the worlds carbon monoxide gases that enter our world atmosphere. Carbon monoxide poisoning is very to suffocation. Carbon monoxide binds to the hemoglobin contained in the red blood cells 200 times more effect ively then oxygen, and so can dramatically reduce the ability of the cells to transport and release oxygen to the tissues of the body. (www.bbc.co.uk) This can cause many problems with main organs and within minutes of being surrounded by the fumes you can die. (BBC) When a human comes in contact with these toxic chemicals it stimulates the bodys immune system to attack its own tissues mainly the cells that line our blood vessels. At one short time period the damage can be small but over time the more exposure that a person get it can build up, this can lead to blocking of the vessels and leads to high blood pressure or even heart disease. (BBC) Recent studies have shown that the more that a human is exposed to emissions can lead to behavioral changes, also impairs mental function. This can be detrimental to a persons learning or memory. In our body the immune system is also a very vulnerable place. Benzene and nitrogen dioxide and matter from an exhaust works against the immune system. This leads to either an over active immune system which cannot tell a difference between foreign invaders and it self and as a result it can attack itself. Emissions from an auto mobile can cause people to form greater risk of getting cancer. If in contact or exposed to the chemical of benzene for good amount of time the long term is known to create leukemia. This brings upon a big problem for people who have weak immune systems. Polycyclic hydrocarbons are also thought to be carcinogenic. Several of these compounds have caused tumors in laboratory animals when they ate them, when they were applied to their skin, or when they breathed them in the air for a long period of time. Studies in animals have also shown that the polycyclic hydrocarbons can cause harmful effects on the skin and on body fluids and its thought that they are responsible for lung cancer in gas.(BBC) Emissions from a vehicle dont just have an impact on our health but have one on environmental health such as plants and animals too. Emissions contribute to two very big problems in the world to, acid rain and global warming. Acid rain is rain that has contaminated with sulfur and nitrogen oxides. Acid rain is formed when pollutions called nitrogen and sulfur oxides contained in plant smoke, factory smoke and exhaust fumes. (Anglefire) Acid rain causes many problems and can cause buildings, bridges and statues to fall apart because the high acidic levels make them fall apart quicker than normal ageing. Acid rain cause more problems by raising the pH level in any bodies of water. This can cause harm to any animal that lives off or water or fish in the water. When acid rain builds up and gets to a high acidic level it can really cause harm to soil. This is another bad consequence because the trees life of the soil and it can permanently damage their roots. When their roots are damaged it affects the whole tree, not being able to get enough nutrients to any part of the tree that needs it. This causes wildlife surrounded about the tree to not get what they might not need, it can also cause the tree and other plants not be able to properly complete their photosynthesis. Smog is yet another problem that is caused by acid rain which is harmful to us to breathe in. If the water s acidic enough it can have a reaction to cer tain types of metals that maybe the water might run through pipes to get to us the people. (Angelfire) Emissions from vehicles also contribute heavily to global warming because of its high carbon dioxide output on a combustible engine. Carbon dioxide is a thick gas that traps, when it is released to the earths atmosphere it acts as a big solar shield and it keeps the heat trapped in. The emissions from a vehicle make up about one third of the worlds carbon dioxide in the earths atmosphere. (Withgott 2012) Ways to control and maybe even in the future do away with engine emissions, there are many out there and some are already being worked into todays society. Many vehicles that run off of ethanol have been looked into as an alternative to gasoline. But even though ethanol is better than gasoline it still contributes to the emissions that are building up in the worlds atmosphere. There are also new options such as the flex fuel cars and trucks that can use up to 100% ethanol which is a lot better than gasoline but still isnt where environmentalist would like it to be. Ever since these flex fuel cars have been produced, the production keeps going up. However People do not realize that flex fuel is limited in supply. (Nutramed) Another alternative are electric cars. These cars are out on the road being tested and improved every day. On these cars there are many limitations one of them is that batteries to run a car can wear out very quickly due to the amount of recharges that are needed and the materials for the batteries are expensive and are also running low. Also with electric cars if you are charging them with some outlet that is connected to the main factory, and that factory builds their electricity by using fossil fuel then there are little to no benefits because the factories generate a lot of the pollution as well. (Nutramed) There is also another alternative to gasoline powered vehicles this one is most likely the best one yet. Hydrogen fueled cars are the best when it comes to emissions because they are promised to put out close to zero emissions. The only thing that is put out by this vehicle is water vapor. The fossil fueled vehicles today emit all types of harmful chemicals. Hybrid vehicles take a shot at it but they still do not take away all the emissions, the only one out there that will promise to keep the air clean and emit zero pollution would be the hydrogen fueled automobile. These types of cars will be available in the future but will be very expensive and will only have few designated fill stations. People will most likely not start seeing these cars regularly till the distant future. (Nutramed) Cities and towns could help the cause by improving their public transportation to hybrids to start and advise their people about what their cars are actually doing. If people had to go a short distance and would ride their bikes or even walk it would already start to help out the environment. (Nutramed) The clean air act was passed by congress in 1970 and amended in 1977 and 1990; this act had required the environmental protection agency to set national air quality standards to help the protection against pollutions in the ozone like carbon monoxide. Some states have even made standards that when the car goes for inspection that it is checked to see if it emitting the least amount of pollutants as possible. (EPA) Air pollution is one of the most challenging topics that environmentalist are dealing with mainly from car emission. Due to all the changes that they are working towards and are working hard on all the standards generations after us may never be driving fossil fueled cars in their lifetime. Public transportation will be as big as it used to and see many more people using this type of transportation. As the future comes at us the technology is only getting better and who know what it holds in store for us. At some point the technology will be our answer to environmental problems with vehicles with zero emissions. WORK CITED Withgott, Jay. Environmental Science: Your world your turn. Boston, MA: Pearson, 2011.Print. 2 Plain English guide to the clean air act| air and radiation | US EPA. US Environmental Protection agency. Web.30.March 2011. 3 Acid Rain: welcome to anglefire. Web.30 mar 2011. http://www.anglefire.com/acidrainreport 4 Inventions: Automobile: Anglefire :welcome to angle fire Web. 24 mar. 2011 http://www.anglefire.com 5 Answers.com-how many cars are currently in the US. Wikianswers- The QA wiki. Web. 24.mar.2011 http://www.wikianswers.com 6 BBC -Health : exhaust emissions. BBC- homepage. Web. 24.mar. http://www.bbc.co.uk 7 Car exhaust, Air pollution and the Environment: Health Effects of Exhaust Chemicals. Alpha Online, Clean Air, Nutrition for the 21st Century, Solutions for Medical Problems.web.24 mar. http://www.nutramed.com/environment/cars 8 Immunodeficiency Disorders-PubMed Health. Immunodeficiency Disorders. Web. 30mar. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth

The Alien And Sedition Acts :: essays research papers

The debate over the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 revealed bitter controversies on a number of issues that had been developing since the penning of the Constitution. The writers of the document knew that over time the needs of the nation and its people would change, and therefore provided for its amendment. But by not expressly delegating powers to specific organizations, whether the federal government, state governments, or the people themselves, they inadvertently created a major problem in the years to follow: Constitutional interpretation.Shortly after the Constitution's ratification, two distinct camps formed, each believing in opposite manners of interpretation. One group, the Federalists, led by the newly appointed Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, thought that the Constitution should be interpreted very loosely. He claimed that the Constitution contained powers other than those delegated or enumerated. These unspecified powers were implied powers. To explain these powers, Hamilton said it would be natural - or implied - that the federal government would gain control over any territory gained through conquest of purchase, although the Constitution made no mention of territorial control. In essence, Hamilton wished to use the implied powers to build a strong and authoritative central government.In 1789, the Minister to France Thomas Jefferson, to Francis Hopkinson of Pennsylvania, protesting that "I am not of the party of the federalists. But I am much farther from that of the anitfederalists." However, the situation was so sensitive that he could not help but chose a side. In 1795, Jefferson wrote to a congressman from Virginia, William Giles, that he "held "t honorable to take a firm and decided part." The group he sided with, the Democratic-Republicans, favored a strict interpretation. As their leader, Jefferson argued that all powers not enumerated by the Constitution belonged to the States. The basi s for his argument was the old English "compact" theory. This theory stated that various individuals, in this case the states, joined together in a formal agreement of government. Since the states had drawn up the contract and given power to the federal government, it should be up to them to decide who received the power, not the body they created.This debate over interpretation thus sparked one of the first and major issues that eventually led to the Alien and Sedition Acts: should a strong central government be formed (federalist desire), or should the individual states have control. And wild attacks of the ensuing debate also ignited the second issue, public defamation, which led to the Sedition Act.

Group Roles and the Nursing Process

The learning process in health care had revolutionized through time. Consequently, electronic communication and data storage have become critical in health care. Nursing education has been in demand for the past years and increasing dynamically in this aging world. Thus, the proper training and attitude must be inculcated from nursing students to registered nurses. Under nursing guidelines, there are six recognized phases of the nursing process. These are data collection or assessment, diagnosis, identification of goals or desired outcomes, planning of interventions, implementation of treatment and care, and evaluation. Each step is important to be accomplished accurately and properly since we’re dealing with human health, a human life. Each of these phases usually has additional steps. For example, diagnosis implies interpreting data, relating data to other data, formulating hypotheses, determining additional data needed to test hypotheses, and so on. The data collection or assessment is the systematic gathering of information about the strengths and weaknesses of the patient. These include objective and subjective data. The objective data are the ones observed by the nurse herself while subjective data are those observed by the patient or his relatives and friends. The nursing diagnosis is the description of the patient’s health status, which contains the etiology and defining characteristics of the patient’s disease. In identification of goals or outcomes, it must be patient-centered, realistic, specific and measurable even in a limited time. A careful planning of the interventions that will be done must be considered. These interventions might be initiated by the nurse herself, the physician, or other provider in the health care team. The implementation of the treatment and care is a part of intervention already and this must coincide to the set of goals or expected outcomes. An evaluation must be done to assess if the goal was met. If not, identify the possible steps or decisions that hinder in the achievement of such goal and learn from it. With such complex nursing process, cautious division of duties must be planned and done for process optimization. Hence, group role is a common practice in actual nursing duties. The responsibility is given based on the individual’s familiarity of the work and confidence in handling such work. It also requires accepting responsibly a variety of group roles, participating actively on the clinical rotation’s plan, staying on task, respecting different ideas, and disagreeing to ideas and not to the person whenever necessary. It is then relevant to know how to socially interact in a nursing environment. The usual group roles in such environment are manager, recorder or checker, skeptic, and energizer or summarizer. As a manager of the nursing team on a given shift, you must keep your team on track, direct them of the steps for completion of the tasks, and make sure everyone participates. As a recorder, act as a scribe for the team and make sure everyone agreed on the plans and actions being discussed. As a skeptic, help the team to avoid coming into agreement quickly and make sure all possibilities have been explored. Try to give alternative ideas too to make sure goals are achieved and well-polished. As an energizer, uplift the spirit of the team when things go low especially in cases where there are tough or vital patients. Summarize also what has been discussed and concluded by the team. The time must also be considered when assuming group roles in accomplishing each phase of the nursing process. Since human life is crucial and imperative, each second you lose or you waste is also the same second you will never get back. Just think about it. It could have weaved another chance or a longer chance for the patient to stay with his loved ones. References Goossen, W. T. F. , Ozbolt, J. G. , Coenen, A. , Park, H. , Mead, C. ,Ehnfors, M. , and Marin, H. F. 2004) Development of a Provisional Domain Model for the Nursing Process for Use within the Health Level 7 Reference Information Model. Journal of American Medical Informatics Association [Internet]. May–June, 11(3), pp. 186–194. Available from: [Accessed 20 January 2007]. Joubert, T. (n. d. ) Roles and social interaction. Hagar [Internet]. Available from: [Accessed 20 January 2007]. Mount Mercy College. (n. d. ) Nursing process guidelines [Internet]. Version 8. 19. 1. Iowa, MMC. Available from: [Accessed 20 January 2007].

A danger of a single story Essay

Literature is something that matters. It has the power to change and shape our minds and opinions. It has the power to change the perception of the world around us and to boost our imagination. Take us far away from the reality to the world of illusions and let our minds flourished with imagination. One might think how amazing it is, but fiction as it is here today may often matter much more than it is meant to. TED is a non-profit global community whose mission is to spread ideas usually in the form of short talks which last no more than 18 minutes. TED began in 1984 as a conference, and today covers wide range of topics – from science to philosophy to global issues – in more than 100 languages welcoming people from every discipline and culture who seek a deeper understanding of the world. Both of the presenters whose ideas I will mention are novelists and story tellers. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is a Nigerian anglophone writer who succeeded in attracting a new generation of readers to African literature. In her novels, she is inspired by the history of her nation and its tragedies that are forgotten by recent generation of westerners. Elif Shafak is a Turkish novelist born in Strasbourg, France who is the most widely read female writer in Turkey. Her books have been translated into more than twenty-five languages. Ch. N. Adichie in her talk warns that if we hear only a single story about another person or country, we risk a critical misunderstanding. Things are not usually just black and white and we have to make every effort to open our minds and explore what is real. Elif Shafak talks about the danger into which writers from different cultures are put at; the pressure-that-makes-them-feel-as-a-representatives-of-their-cultures. She makes a strong division between fiction and reality – fiction and daily politics. Although, both of the writers are of non-western origin which to some extend make them quite similar in terms of cultural stereotypes, it  seems that they do not share the same view of function of a story in our lives. While talking about the cultural and social background of these two writers, there are many things in which they differ, although their life journeys have many in common. Ch. N. Adichie was born in Nigeria, Africa. She grew up in a conventional middle-class family, her father was a professor and her mother was an administrator. She had a very happy childhood in a very close-knit family. However, a kind of political fear invaded their lives on the place they live. However, Chimamanda was a happy child who was writing stories about white people, just like those who she was reading about in books. On the other hand, Elif Shafak; although, she has Turkish parents, was born in France, Europe and when her parents got separated she was bringing up by her mother and her grandmother in Turkey. Her position was quite dissimilar to Adichie’ as she was not living in a nuclear family. She grew up in a patriarchal environment where fathers were the heads of households. She was raised as a single child by a single mother, which was; at those times, a bit unusual. Elif Shafak was an introverted child talking to her imaginary friends. She had a vivid imagination and unlike Adichie, she was not inspired by stories that she had read, but she wrote about people she had never seen and things that never really happened. Nevertheless, their writing experience took place at the same time. They both started to write around the age of 7; though, their style was different. Moreover, the life journey of these two women seems to be quite similar. Just like Adichie, Shafak also studied abroad. They have travelled the world and this made these women who they are nowadays. It made them being experienced, open-minded and well-educated,-powerful-women. This leads me to the matter of stereotypes. As I mentioned, both writers have travelled a lot and during their lives they have experienced stereotypes on their own skin. Ch. N. Adichie mentions several personal stories from her life in which she pays attention to the stereotypes. She talks about how her roommate in the USA was surprised that she had learnt speak English so well,  that she had not been raised in poverty, that music which Adichie was listening to was not different in any feature from mainstream one. Chimamanda focuses on African stereotypes that she experienced. As a result, she demonstrates that stereotypes are created by single stories, and the problem with the stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete. At the same time, Elif uses her personal experience as well. Like Adichie, she attended a school abroad as well, and she experienced cultural stereotypes. She talks about the clusters based on cultural identity. The school, which she attended, was multicultural. The only problem was that each child was seen as a representative of his or her nation and every time something happened in connection to their nation they were ridiculed and bullied because of it. As Adichie experienced stereotypes concerning Africa, Elif Shafak came across some cultural stereotypes concerning her nationality as well and these were politics, smoking and veil. Doesn’t matter she had never been smoking before, or she had never been raised in a environment where a rule of wearing a veil was obligatory, she was expected to do so because it was a general image of her nation and her culture. In contrast, the notion of power is discussed from different points of view by these two writers. To clarify this, I will put down both of them in sequence. The most significant difference is in context they use. On one hand, Adichie talks about the power as the ability not just to tell the story, but also as the ability to chose which story is being told, how it is told, who tells it; therefore, the ability to make from one story the definite one, the single story. She appeals not that much to writers, but to readers and people in general. She demonstrates how important it is not to see things just black and white; thus, try to open our minds and explore. Without doubt, Elif’s viewpoint to the question of power is quite distinct. It seems to me like the other side of the coin when she; unlike Adichie, analyses the relation between power and writer not power and reader. Shafak puts into relation power with the notion of pressure. She demonstrates how  writers are seen as the representatives of their cultures. In her talk, she manifests how world of politics affects the way stories are being written, reviewed and read. If you are a person with a particular cultural background you are expected to write informative and characteristic stories about your world and to show manifestation of your identity. As an illustration, Elif as a woman from a Muslim world is expected to write stories of Muslim women and preferably, the unhappy stories of unhappy Muslim women just because she happened to be one. And in connection to this, here comes the main distinction between their understanding of power. While Adichie sees a story and fiction as tools for shaping our minds by which we can understand people, nations and things what they really are, Shafak thinks that when stories are seen as more than stories, they lose their magic; in other words, she says fiction is just fiction, not daily politics. In both cases one must admit that thoughts which were brought up were relevant. It doesn’t matter what is your cultural background; what is important it is your personal growth. These two women have stepped over the shadows of their cultural stereotypes. They pointed at a serious problem of nowadays in a context of literature and the credibility of information itselves. They both; however, in a different way, open people’s minds and let us think. And this is when a story matters.

Architecture, Building and Planning Term Paper Writing Guidelines

Architecture, Building and Planning Term Paper Writing Guidelines You can produce a supreme quality architecture term paper with proper planning. First of all, you have to decide on an interesting and challenging topic, then find a specific angle and a good thesis statement for the chosen subject matter. Next, make sure to put your ideas in order in a clear and concise outline. Start writing. When you’re done with the first draft, don’t forget to revise and proofread your piece until you are 100% satisfied with the ideas, thoughts and their expression within the text. In the following sections of this architecture term paper guide, we will discuss in turn each of the issues mentioned above. The Topic: How to Choose the Best One Are you unsure what topic would become the best fit for your architecture term paper? It’s time to conduct some research. Take into account the topics related to architecture area and pick on two or three that you find the most attractive. Besides, you can spend some time searching for the articles in architecture magazines or newspapers in order to find out what issues get the biggest buzz in the architecture world today. In the process, ensure to keep in mind the length of your term paper and do your best to select the topic that you can explore in detail without producing too little or too much prose. Stay away from the issues that have been already done to death. Give your preference to something fresh and slightly explored or something popular and then research the topic from a completely different perspective. The point here is that a relevant, insightful and captivating topic will motivate you to get started as soon as possible and will make it easier to collect supporting evidence. And here are a few suggestions: What Are the Types of Architecture that Are Established According to the Needs of Its Different Institutions? Vernacular Architecture and Its Straightforwardly Utilitarian Design; The Impact of Globalization on Architecture and Architectural Ethics; Using Recent Architecture Innovations: What Is the Downside of Architecture Inventions in Modern World? Do Digital Tools Make Architects Less/More Productive at Studying or Work? Rampant Imagination in the Field of Architecture: Should be There Any Limits? The Peculiarities Of Light As a Quality in Architecture; Has The Modern Architecture Changed the Way People Live? The Impact of Globalization on Contemporary Architecture. The Importance of a Thesis Statement for Architecture Term Paper If you happen to choose the topic that is quite broad, make certain to narrow it down now. An effective architecture term paper should take a certain angle on a more general topic or cover only one aspect of it. It’s necessary to sum up your topic into a single sentence i.e. the thesis statement. Compose your thesis statement with due attention since it’s the trickiest part to produce. According to the manual provided by The Tutoring Center Bucks County Community College, the thesis sets the overall point of your term paper. Craft it in accordance with the type of the project you’re assigned with. The thing is that not every term paper teaches, and not every term paper persuades. The key goal of your architecture term paper will help you to tailor the best thesis statement. Analytical: This type of term paper breaks down a complex topic in order to better research and understand one. For instance: â€Å"The types of architecture depend upon social formations and may be classified in accordance with the role of the patron in the community.† Expository: The term paper of this kind illustrates or teaches a certain point. For instance: â€Å"The most impressive monuments are the so-called stÃ… «pas that are of gigantic size and have considerable antiquity but usually reconstructed throughout the centuries.† Argumentative: The architecture term paper of an argumentative type makes a claim, or supports a viewpoint, to change the opinions of the other people. For instance: â€Å"Even though contemporary architecture hadn’t allowed the expression of conflicts of function between various spaces, in deconstruction, it permits intersecting angled beams and clash of various functionless spaces.† Find a good place for a thesis statement. Taking into account the role that the thesis plays, it should be placed at the beginning of the term paper, usually at the end of the first paragraph. Even though many of your readers may expect to see the thesis statement somewhere at the end of the opening paragraph, the actual location depends on a range of factors like the length of the intro or the term paper itself. How to Prepare an Impressive Introduction An introduction of the architecture term paper provides an overall review of your project, as well as includes a couple of slightly different issues from the abstract. It introduces the topic and sets one in a broader context, narrowing the topic down to a particular research issue, hypothesis and thesis. A complete introduction explains how the author is going to handle the research problem, as well as provides the hints to make the target readers want to read more and more of your work. Feel free to introduce the architecture topic through a quotation, a historical fact or an anecdote. When working on architecture or science term paper, you can find dozens of ways to start your intro and announce the topic. An illustrative quotation or anecdote can generate interest in your project and demonstrate an engaging author’s style. Humor is a great way to hook your audience. If you use an entertaining quotation, ensure it’s short and relevant for your research. If you work on â€Å"The Development of Architecture Design in the 20th Century†, mentioning the following words would be good: â€Å"Good design is all about making other designers feel like idiots because the idea wasnt theirs.† (Frank Chimero) or A doctor can bury his mistakes but an architect can only advise his clients to plant vines.† (Frank Lloyd Wright). Like in thousands of Hollywood movies, the first task in this section is to set the initial scene. This will provide your architecture term paper with a context, as well as enable your readers to see how this paper is relevant to the previous research in the area. The introduction can be based on a historical narrative. You can chronologically outline the very first research performed in the field and gradually proceed to the present day. For instance, the first identified architect in history was Imhotep, who lived in 2600 BCE in Egypt. The earliest architecture items in Greece, China or Egypt were the first buildings that allowed us to outsource and store our knowledge. As for the new study researches, mention Carmel Place the micro-unit apartment building provided by â€Å"nArchitects† (New York City), where the classic New York skyscraper is virtuously combined with the loft-like rental apartments look. It is important to assume that your term paper is aimed at the readers, who can boast of having a solid working knowledge of your particular discipline. For instance, a term paper on the creation of the open floor plan-designing rooms that flow and open out into each other Frank Lloyd Wright contributed to needs not go into too much detail about the most famous architect in the U.S. It’s assumed your target readers are already aware of his relationships and beliefs. The Body of an Architecture Term Paper Even though it may sound quite irrational, producing your introduction first may be harder than starting with the central part of your paper. If you begin your architecture project by writing the main points in order to back up your thesis statement, you’ll be able to slightly change and replace your ideas and facts. Ensure to support every thesis statement you make with strong evidence. Taking into account the fact that you’re working on a term paper now, there should not be any issues that you provide that cannot be supported by the points directly from your research. If you inform your readers on the fact that â€Å"In the USA, late 18th century architecture and early 19th century building designs were usually based on Greek and Roman architecture† or that â€Å"A spectacular example of iron-and-glass construction is the well-known Henri Labrouste’s nine-domed reading room that is located at the Bibliothà ¨que Nationale, in Paris†, it’s important to support the claims with the facts provided by the trusted researches like â€Å"Late 18th Century Architecture† and â€Å"Henri Labrouste and the Lure of the Real† respectively. Keep away from using many direct quotes that are too long. Without a doubt, your term paper is based on an in-depth research; however, your task here is to provide your own ideas. Unless the quote you include is 100% necessary, paraphrase and analyze it using your own words instead. Not sure the body of your paper is up to the task? If yes, ensure to isolate the first sentence of every paragraph. Together, they should sound like a complete list of logically structured evidence. Master the Secret of an Effective Conclusion with Architecture Term Paper Tips from Our Experts What is the conclusion of an architecture term paper? Well, it’s one of the crucial moments in the assignment of the type, accomplished in progress of its creation. First of all, you have to draw a parallel between the introduction and the conclusion. These two segments must be interconnected. Start with the justification of relevance and proceed to the argumentation of the research goal, the achievement of which was the result of the term paper. Having described the problems you have solved and the goals you’ve achieved, switch your attention to the results of the practical work. Ensure to substantiate their importance, prove why it was crucial to introduce these actions in practice, as well as argue the personal opinion on the phenomena, processes, and methods of solving the arising problems. At the end of the section, make sure to sketch up the plans for future research, as well as suggest the ways of possible improvement and modernization. A good example of the conclusion for the architecture term paper on â€Å"How Nature Can Provide Reliable and Sustainable Building Solutions† would be the following: â€Å"Green Architecture is the most significant architectural movement at the present moment. As has been seen, the ecological damage caused by modern buildings (mainly by the heating and air-con systems, e.g., by the use of unsustainable materials in the process) can be recorded in real figures, such as the amount of carbon dioxide the modern buildings produce in terms of how much these buildings contribute to global warming. As has been observed, there are tons of pressures on the architects, and on the industry as a whole, to create high-quality buildings. This will only keep on increasing in the future. For that reason, architects, such as Eugene Tsui, who consider buildings as living organisms, are not so far-fetched.† Ensure You’ve Got a Style You use dozens of outside sources? Make sure to find out what citation style is set by your academic institution, APA or MLA (or any other style if you don’t live in the United States). Every style has its own notation system; however, if you’re not sure about the rules, it’s recommended to use one of the manuals available online for APA, Harvard, Chicago or any other style. Peppering your term paper with quotes is a good thing to do, but make sure your â€Å"meal† isn’t too â€Å"hot†. Keep away from cutting and pasting from the projects written by someone else. By all means use the thoughts of the wise men of your field to support our own thinking but avoid saying nothing else but â€Å"N says† or â€Å"N claims†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Your audience wants to know what the author of the paper says intimately. Sort out the bibliography from the very beginning in order to avoid the last minute panic.

Quality Assessment Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Quality Assessment Plan - Assignment Example We set out a methodology of assessment within a plan that also includes documentation of where our trainers are meeting the standards, and where this is not happening. This gives us information on how we might improve our trainers' performance, after which we would refine the assessment method and repeat the process. Although we expect our trainers to contribute to creating new courses and curricula, in this assessment plan we want to know if they provide effective training. Our trainers deal with a particular cross-section of people here in the establishment. Students are adult, even if they are mostly still young and, for the most part, they learn like adults. That means that they have bigger egos, are less willing to take risks and have some clear expectations. For our trainers, typically well up on their technical subjects, the challenge is on how they teach, not what they teach. We need to see our trainers deal positively with things like bad prior experiences in traditional education or mixed feelings about authority. We need to see them make optimal use of class learning through group discussions, open-ended questions and positive exchange of feedback. To start the process for defining learning objectives for the trainers themselves, assessors from this department recently made a needs analysis concerning the trainers. From this needs analysis, it became clear once again that our trainers need to manage a class to produce students that have good chances of getting employment. In particular, we list the following learning objectives for our trainers together with required standards of outcome: Trainers working with young people to train them in the installation and maintenance of plumbing and heating systems have ten learning objectives themselves: Trainer's objective Measured by standard creation of a motivating learning environment student attendance rate over and above the statutory minimum for drawing unemployment benefit 1 extra hour per day focusing student attention on the objective of getting a job the number of job interviews generated from course Average of 2 interviews per student increase of student retention of information Written test for students 90% of students do better than the minimum pass-rate learn how to ensure progress is being made Continuing assessment of students See separate rating sheet handle possible conflicts Rapidity of resolution No more than 2 minutes how to manage different learning speeds among students Coursework accomplished for class in general Finish 90% or more of coursework for all students how to manage different learning aptitudes / styles among students Coursework accomplished for course in general Finish 90% or more of coursework for all students maintaining the right level of class discipline Speed, pace of progress Daily coursework accomplished to 95% or more facilitating class discussion Give and take feedback 3 valid feedbacks given and 3 received per day encouraging student participation How much students contribute Each student to contribute to three discussions a day What does this plan do

Brand Strategy Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brand Strategy Analysis - Case Study Example The company also maintains threats that come directly from the consumer and their attitude regarding Starbucks’ quality and viability to fit their needs. Domestically, the success in consumer attitude or its previous ability to corner the market on unique coffee products met with higher capital growth for expansion into new market environments. However, the business has had to adjust its marketing strategies to include extension into the virtual environment, as only one example, because of this influence. Coupled with growth in competition know-how and product replication, Starbucks is unsure of whether its expansion from years prior will continue to serve its sustainability or growth objectives. The extension of other value-added products such as theater tickets or other branded merchandise is one contingency for revenue production that meets with short-term gains based on social or cultural trends. However, Starbucks seems to be able to recognize the appropriate short-term b randing partnerships and builds, at least, a short-run increase in sales growth. Starbucks’ hot spot music-related product focus is yet another example of its short-term focus in gaining higher revenues. Using reputable artists or other media to explore new technologies and sounds appealed to a buyer sentiment in the late 1990s at a time when there was little in terms of social media or other advertising formats. These strategies are now facing competition from major players in music downloads and kiosk formats such as Apple iTunes and multitudes of music downloading and access sites. This requires Starbucks to be always flexible regarding its strategic goals for gaining new market share or improving its capital position to be used in expansion or other business objectives related to outperforming other industry leaders or direct competitors. Success, Growth and the Global Brand They key successes are in environmental scanning to recognize opportunities in measurement to comp etition and buyer attitudes driven either by social factors, cultural factors or generic attitudes toward coffee and its innovations or convenience. Extension into non-food product offerings shows this flexibility and understanding of environmental forces that influence how the company manages its total product offering package. The company was able to build its positive brand based on quality by reinforcing through advertising and actual product that it was a best-in-class offering using only quality ingredients and development expertise. It was an engrained strategy used to appeal to mass market groups of varying demographics that never changed its positioning to create a portrait in the minds of consumers against competition. Starbucks’ growth strategy seemed a bit premature, extending itself into unknown markets too quickly without adequate knowledge of what their social trends included. Joint ventures and other partnerships provided the expertise and/or funding necessary to achieve this sudden growth, however only so much knowledge can be developed when most efforts are directed toward product innovation as a key goal or branding attribute. The partnerships with agencies such as Marriott were a practical and realistic method of introducing Starbucks into new environments where coffee consumption was typical. However, with high risks of cheapening the brand and allowing it to be leveraged and capitalized upon by knowledge leaders in the partner or joint