Nobody, No One, and None How to Choose the Right Word

The indefinite pronouns nobody and no one are often mixed up with the pronoun none. The first two words are both singular pronouns and synonymous, but none can be either singular or plural. How to Use Nobody Nobody is an indefinite pronoun, meaning it does not refer to any particular person. It means the same thing as no person or not anyone. As an indefinite pronoun that refers to an absence, nobody also has no defined amount. Grammatically, though, it is treated as a singular noun: Nobody was there to open the door. How to Use No One No one is also an indefinite pronoun, and it means the same thing as nobody. It is usually considered more formal than nobody, which is why it is more likely to appear in writing. Noone is a common misspelling of no one, which is two words. No-one—with a hyphen—is a less common spelling, typically found in British English. How to Use None The pronoun none means not one, not any, or no persons or things. As an adverb, none means not at all or to no extent. Theres a common misconception that none can only be singular, but this has never been true. When none is the subject of a clause and refers to members of a group, it can be used with either a singular verb (None is) or a plural verb (None are). None must be followed by a singular verb only when it means not part of a whole, as in None of it is mine. Examples Nobody and no one are basically interchangeable; the main difference between the two is the degree of formality: No one is ever too old to learn something new.Nobody wants to sign up for cleanup duties. None means the same thing as not one or not any, which is why its often found in reference to groups: None of the other apples are as good as the Honeycrisp.None of the guests has any idea what to bring to the party. In the first example, none takes the plural verb are because it is used in the sense of not any (Not any of the other apples are as good as the Honeycrisp). In the second example, none takes the singular verb has because it is used in the sense of not one (Not one of the guests has any idea what to bring to the party). If youre using the word none and you arent sure if it should take a singular or a plural verb, try replacing none with not any or not one to determine in which sense its being used. Wilson Follett, the author of the style guide Modern American Usage, wrote that choosing the right verb for none is always a matter of context: The fact is that in some contexts none means not a single one, making singularity emphatic, whereas in other contexts it means no two, no few, no several, no fraction of many. In None of us is entitled to cast the first stone the singular meaning is hardly mistakable; in None of the commentators agree on the meaning of this passage the plural meaning is equally clear. None, then, is freely either singular or plural according to the sense suggested by its context. Often the number we give it makes no difference. How to Remember the Differences Nobody and no one always refer to people. If youre struggling to decide which one you should write, you can relax. Either one will do, so stick with whichever sounds best. None can refer to people or inanimate objects. This word always points to another noun or nouns in a sentence, which is why you often see the construction none of the [noun], as in: None of the guests enjoyed the meal. None is the appropriate word in this case because it points to the noun guests. Without the noun guests, the sentence would require an indefinite pronoun such as nobody or no one instead: No one enjoyed the meal. Sources Follett, Wilson.  Modern American Usage: A Guide. Hill and Wang, 1998, p. 205.Partridge, Eric.  Usage and Abusage: A Guide to Good English. W. W. Norton Company, 1997, pp. 207-208.

Conveniently Married Essay examples - 2266 Words

Conveniently Married Life in the Victorian Era was centered on marriage. Among the nobility, marriage was typically sought to increase status or wealth with a partner of their same social class. This also holds true for the middle class, along with using marriage to gain political or business alliances. The working class of the Victorian Era had more practical reasons for marrying. The marriages of the working class centered more on finding a companion that would be able to contribute to the household. Many men sought a strong woman whose talents would complement their particular trade, and increase the amount of money that was made. Marriage rarely occurred for love, although the marriage of Queen Victoria to Prince Albert was an†¦show more content†¦To marry would mean that Victoria could rid herself of her mother as palace chaperone; to marry might also mean the possibility of disagreement with a husband. Marrying Albert accomplished the political reasons, doing away with a chaperone, Victor ia’s stance that she would only marry for love, and also allayed the fears that Victoria had of marriage. As stated before, the working class men married to increase the wages of the household by marrying a woman who would be a compliment to their trade. In contrast, weavers relied on their wives’ and daughters’ labor in the task of making cloth. With the advent of the industrial revolution and with factories becoming a main source of work, wives became more crucial to contributing to the household. To supplement their husbands’ incomes, since artisans’ wives ran a small shop of their own, such as a chandler’s or a corner grocery. Weavers were different from most artisans in that they actively sought the help of their wives and children. Unlike traditional artisans, however, male weavers owed much of their sense of control and their prosperity to the family-based economy, for they could supervise, and profit from, the labor of their wives and children. The textile industry moving to factories also caused many problems with the weavers. Ralph Mather, a contemporary, alleged that the new machinesShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby Summary1036 Words   |  5 PagesGatsby. This conversation is finished over tea; revisiting the days in Louisville when Jay Gatsby was Daisy’s beaux. Daisy broke off their relationship while Gatsby was at war. Daisy married Tom because of his wealth. Gatsby’s love for Daisy deepened, so he achieved a luxurious status to win her over. Gatsby then â€Å"conveniently† arranges tea at Nick’s at the same time Daisy plans to visit. 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Airline Regulations Free Essays

AIRLINE REGULATIONS Research Paper AVSC 1220 TREVOR CARTER ID # 10524707 *The airline industry operates like the veins of the United States by pumping precious cargo throughout the country. Most *people don’t realize how different the airlines were a few decades ago. The entire industry was regulated by the government. We will write a custom essay sample on Airline Regulations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Regulation is usually considered a more socialistic liberal idea that is opposed by conservative capitalists. Although I personally believe in a government with a small limited *role* in our daily lives, I have come to the conclusion that the airline industry is a rare exception that needs to return to regulation which would benefit the airlines and the consumers in numerous ways. In the days of regulation the government had total control of routes, fares, gates and almost anything necessary to operate an airline. It also created many barriers to entry which would prevent any new start up airline. All the government would have to do is not allow them at any airports or not approve of any route application. Economists complained that regulation was inefficient so in 1978 the Airline Deregulation Act was passed allowing the free market to dictate airline prices and schedules. The following thirty years have proved this to be a terrible mistake. There are a wide range of facts when looking for the change in price of a ticket today compared to the airlines under regulation. Some say the tickets are 15* % cheaper. Others claim there is hardly a difference because one must account for the 10% travel agent fee that is avoided with today’s online booking. So there is clearly no great ticket price benefit due to deregulation. However in the past tickets were fully refundable and you could change your destination without numerous penalties. Today people scour the internet for a discounted ticket which will usually mean a few stops along the way that may not be in the general direction of their destination. Some passengers may have to fly into alternative airports to receive a discount. Southwest airlines now flies into most major airports just as the legacy airlines do, however, in Southwest’s early days they broke into the freshly deregulated industry by basing their operation out of LUV field Dallas (not Dallas Ft. Worth International Airport) and flying to locations such as Burbank, CA. The reason for this was because it is much cheaper to operate out of these airports to avoid paying high prices for gates and other airport fees. Southwest also undercut the pay scales across the board. They were the first low cost carrier. By *saving all this money they would be able to provide cheaper tickets to customers and the free market was beginning its control on the industry. This started the domino effect of airlines entering the market. *With a few major airlines doing most of the long haul flights many commuter airlines have started business with 100 seat type jets. Most people will see US Airways Express and think it is a division of US Airways; however that airplane might be one of 4 or 5 airlines that fly under the US Airways paint scheme. The air is absolutely saturated with all of these small jets. The air traffic control system *needs to be upgraded because of this. Instead of having 737’s make two or three flights a day on a short haul trip say from Philly to Buffalo, they will have these 100 seat regional jets make 5 or 6 flights a day. With fuel prices soaring this does not seem efficient. Safety of the consumer is also being endangered. For the last year or so many small regional airlines were hiring a large amount of pilots due to a shortage. The minimum flight time qualifications were dropped lower than they have ever been before. Some new hires are getting in the cockpit with as little as 300 hours. The average airline pilot has several thousand hours. With flight training declining every year due to the high cost, commercial pilots are becoming scarcer. When you add more airplanes while fewer pilots are being trained it creates a huge shortage. The Federal Aviation Administration pushed the mandatory retirement age to 65 adding 5 more years to a pilots career if he chooses to stay which many aren’t and won’t, due to the terrible state of the industry and conditions they have been working in. This is just a temporary fix that might stave off the shortage for a few years but hiring will start again and there won’t be enough pilots let alone enough experience pilots to fly all of these airplanes. Under regulation when oil quadrupled in the 70’s, the price was passed onto the consumer by raising ticket prices. This is unfortunate but it is a part of the way our economy works. Today with prices rising, the airlines will not raise prices and instead try to run other companies into the ground by lowering prices. This is not healthy competition. The airline industry lost 25 billion dollars from 2000*-2005. During that period a*irfares dropped 10* percent while 20 airlines went bankrupt. US Airways and Northwest Airlines have removed their obligation to their pension funds by pleading in *bankruptcy court that they couldn’t operate *without* do*ing so. This wiped out over 8,5*00 pilots retirement funds between the two of them. Over 7000 Delta pilots have also since lost their retirements. * Pilots have conceded roughly 25-35*% pay cuts along with losing their retirements in order to keep these airlines afloat and ensure the passenger gets a good deal on their ticket. Within the past few weeks Aloha Airlines joined the ranks and went out of business continuing the downward spiral of the airline industry specifically over the last 10 years. Delta and Northwest announced on April 14th a plan to merge which would create the largest airline in the world. There is also speculation of many more mergers and or bankruptcies to come. Mergers are a sign of these companies being better off w orking together than separate. That is certainly not the healthy competition the lawmakers of the 60’s and 70’s envisioned while forming this plan. Deregulation has lent instability to an industry which serves to make the world flatter. Maybe it would be in the broader interest if this industry went back to the era of regulation. Not that the system was flawless but at least with a guaranteed return on capital, airlines wouldn’t be forced to cut corners and compromise safety *. * There has been recent talk of law makers on Capitol Hill revisiting the regulation idea due to the horrible state of the industry. Hopefully they will work quickly and save the sinking ship before it’s too late*. SOURCES L. Smith Jr. , Fred. â€Å"Airline Deregulation. Library of Economics and Liberty 25 Nov 2008 http://www. econlib. org/library/Enc/AirlineDeregulation. html. *Barnum, John. â€Å"What Prompted Airline Deregulation 20 Years Ago? What Were the Objectives of That Deregulation and How Were They Achieved. *† Find Law Library 08/15/1998 25 Nov 2008 http://library. findlaw. com/1988/Sep/1/129304. html. *Bailey, Elizabeth E. â€Å"Airline Deregulation Confronting the Paradoxes. † Regulation: The Cato Review of Business and Government* 15, no. 3. Available online at: *http://www. cato. org/pubs/regulation/regv15n3/reg15n3-bailey. html*. *Transportation Security Administration* How to cite Airline Regulations, Papers

Globalization Through Of Knowledge Ideas â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Globalization Through Of Knowledge Ideas? Answer: Introducation Moral operating system is a guideline to deciding between what is right or wrong when making decisions involving technology. Technology has given technologists a lot of power through data that they collect. This data includes personal data that can be easily misused. Technology has enhanced globalization through transfer of knowledge and ideas. It enables access of data from any part of the world that can be used for good or evil. Technology can be used to misuse intellectual property rights, privancy, or dignity of a person or idea (Heikker, 2015). Therefore the making of technological software involves a big deal of moral decision on whether it right or wrong. The following write-up discusses how to standardize decisions using moral operating system when it cannot be quantified by numbers or equations and everyone has differing opinion on what is right and wrong. First, when the equations or numbers cannot quantify moral operating system, the decision to create and use a technology should be based on a reason to do the right thing. The technologists have a duty to follow what is right. They have to apply this moral operating framework and determine what is right or wrong when making decisions about the software they are developing on basis of what is right. The duty to do and follow the right thing requires one to a bid with existing laws, rights or policies (Sherblom, 2015). For instance, the decision to develop software that infringes intellectual property rights should not be developed. This is because the technologist has an obligation to follow what is right to others by not violating someone else rights of intellectual property. Secondly, moral operating system can be standardized by evaluating the purpose of the technology. The technologists should evaluate what the technology is doing to the end user. For instance, the technologist should not be focused to making money and protecting their own interests at the expense of users privacy and dignity. It is required that the technology serves a purpose and protects users privacy and dignity. Thirdly, technologist can use the utilitarian moral framework. The framework can be used to weigh the consequences of the choices that are to be made. The decision to be made should be the one that maximizes pleasure and minimizes pain. The technologist is then guided by the moral framework of developing software based on the positive consequences that has minimum negative consequences to end user. For instance, a technologist should make a decision that does more good to the society by working on the existing problem rather than developing software that works on a specific need by creating other problems. Lastly, moral operating system can be standardized by evaluating decision from a humanity perspective (Horowitz, 2011). This can be done by discussing the idea with someone from a different profession to get their reasoning about the idea. This will enable technologists to make decisions that are sensitive to human considerations. For instance, discussing an idea with someone from humanities profession can help a technologist make a decision that is sensitive to human considerations because of the difference in thinking about human problems. Therefore, it can be concluded that standardizing decisions using moral operating system requires thinking on bases of not what technologies can do but what they should be doing. This will ensure that technologies develop and use a lot of data that they obtain from users for the common good leading to an ethical profession. References Heikker, T. (2015). Moralizing Technology: Understanding and Designing the Morality of Things. by Peter-Paul Verbeek. Technology and Culture, 56(1), pp.265-267. Horowitz, D. (2011). We need a moral operating system. [video] Available at: https://www.ted.com/talks/damon_horowitz#t-958962 [Accessed 14 Sep. 2017]. Sherblom, S. (2015). A Moral Experience Feedback Loop: Modeling a system of moral self-cultivation in everyday life. Journal of Moral Education, 44(3), pp.364-381.

A narrativerave of Brave New World by Aldous Huxley essays

A narrativerave of Brave New World by Aldous Huxley essays The novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley is a narrative of the "new world order" of the future human society. The future, according to the novel, is a "perfect" human society wherein live birth, pregnancy, and human display of emotions are considered taboo, while perfectionism and rationalism devoid of any emotions is the social ideal of an individual. Brave New World contemplates the condition of human society if the conventional becomes unconventional, and vice versa. Take as an example the process of pro-creation among humans. Live birth is no longer the norm, and artificial birth is the preferred method in the society. In the process of artificial conception and birth, people are identified into various groups, wherein groupings are determined according to the individual's intelligence, skills, and talents. People generated from live and artificial births are also categorized: those who were born through artificial means are considered part of the society, while those who were born through live birth are discriminated against. The process of artificial births to produce "quality" humans that have superior skills, talents, and intelligence can be likened to the current method of assembly lines commonly applied by manufacturing companies. The assembly line concept is similar to Huxley's idea of segregation of humans through artificial conception and birth, since both processes (assembly line and artificial births) aim to produce "quality products" by assigning people to control and look over the process every step of the way. However, to compare the processes of conception and birth in Huxley's novel to the concept of assembly line is too simplistic and not applicable at all, since humans are not products that are made' in order to achieve perfection. Humans are created mainly for the purpose of pro- creationthat is, perpetuate human society...

migration in the security adendas of European countries and north America Essay Example

migration in the security adendas of European countries and north America Essay Example migration in the security adendas of European countries and north America Essay migration in the security adendas of European countries and north America Essay Migration as a Security Threat Name: Course: Institution: Tutor: Date: Migration as a Security Threat Immigration is currently being perceived by the host states as a security threat. It has also been perceived as a threat to international stability. Today, security is not only taken to be the protection of states’ citizens and borders from other states by the government, but it is also taken to be the states’ ability of protecting the citizens, whether social groups or individuals, from others non-states security threats and actors that are non-based (Balzacq Carrera, 2005). This is the main reason why the immigrants are taken to be a security threat. When the immigrants are mentioned in this course, they can be both legal and illegal. Legal immigrants enter the host state as required by the law while illegal ones enter the state through such means as human trafficking, amongst other means. It is significant that migration be of security concern in the European countries and North America. In the year 2007, Mark Krikoran of the Center for Immigration Studies (Executive Director) and James Carafano of the Heritage Foundation (security expert) agreed that the immigration system and the borders, especially the southern one, were both out of control and dysfunctional (CFR, 2007). One of the strategies implemented to ensure that the immigration issues were competently dealt with, was to make sure that the borders and the immigration systems were both put under control and made functional once more. Other strategies such as enforcing the law, amnesty and incorporating guest worker programs are also used although they have proved to pose a significant challenge as a far as the immigration and security issues are concerned. The guest worker programs have proved to be incompetent as far as far as control of immigration is concerned. If anything, they will catalyze the immigration. Guest worker programs will encourage more immigrants to come into the host countries creating illegal mass immigrations. The political pressure that comes with mass immigration will pressurize the governments to grant amnesties. Such amnesties increase security risks, overpopulation, employment issues, amongst other issues that are tied along. This vicious cycle then continues. Although immigrants from all states have been considered to be of concern to the host states, immigrants from the Islamic countries have been given more attention than those from other states (Dannreuther, 2007). These Islamic states are mostly from the Middle East regions. This is mainly due to their organized crimes history, the extent they have been known to go when ‘fighting for their rights’ and their beliefs as far as the Islamic religion is concerned. The immigrants believing in the Islamic religion have also been of more concern as compared to the Christian immigrants. For example, a country such as Netherlands has decided to introduce a ban on covering the face, which is known as the â€Å"burqa ban†. This ban is being put in place in order to control terrorism in the country. Although this ban does not include the burqa from Afghan, it is mostly directed to the Islamic women. There are indigenous Muslims in Netherlands; however, most of the Muslims are immigrants from the warring Middle East countries. The ban on the face-covering is meant to increase the chances of identity. Islamic women, as well as men, have been known to initiate in terrorism attacks especially as far as suicide bombings are concerned. The extensive whole body covering places them at a greater advantage especially when compared to other non-Islamic women or women whose religion does not require any extreme covering (Dannreuther, 2007). As far as individual or group religions are concerned, it is significant to understand that national security is of greater importance. Other expressions that may be considered as indications that freedoms are being abused include a similar law in France, where Islamic women were banned from wearing headscarves. This policy was applicable mostly in public areas and government institutions. A row ensued in the Netherlands where a cartoonist made a seemingly harmless drawing of Allah, a move that is forbidden by the Muslim law. This brought into question the freedom of expression versus religious belief. Switzerland also introduced a referendum on minarets, bringing the nation to a near brink of religious disagreement especially when it came to expression and religion. Migration started becoming a security threat when the immigrants started getting involved in terrorism activities. These were mostly the illegal immigrants. These cases started taking place in the late 20th century. It is common knowledge that one tends to be more careful with a person who issues threats than one who does not. Countries from the Middle East have known to issue and even act when it comes to attacking states in North America and Europe. The Most affected nation is the United States of America especially when taking into account the 9/11 attack. Osama bin Laden was said to have trained with the American Military before resigning and going back to his state. Such a country has more reasons of being cautious of the immigrants than other countries that do not have a huge influx of immigrants. The protection of one identity for another is bound to create a couple of more problems than there are (Balzacq Carrera, 2005). These problems include discrimination related problems, equal and human rights concerns public demonstrations, amongst others. This is because no identity should be held superior to the other. However, it should be noted that the security of the citizens of a nation is of the utmost significance. Most immigrants are refugees from warring countries. They migrate because their countries are no longer secure. In order to prevent such occurrences in the host states, some measures have to be taken. Scrutinizing the immigrants’ identity, more than the citizens’ identity is one of the actions that are considered. Organized crimes are all over the world. However, most groups are from the Islamic countries such as Iraq, Afghanistan, Somalia, Egypt, amongst others. Other countries known for having organized crime are Russia, Italy, South Korea, Mexico, amongst others. Immigrants from these countries are known to pose a greater risk than other immigrants. Organized crimes in the Middle East Muslim countries form in the name of fighting the Jihad War. This is known as a holy war and so they are known to commit suicide in the name of the war. Since they attract a lot of attention from the immigration department, immigrants from these countries tend to enter host countries using illegal means thus the great security concerns. Security is only one of the other concerns raised whenever the migration issue is brought up. However, it is significant that the governments pay the utmost attention to this concern. The European and North American countries have been a target for many years to most terrorism groups. The governments of these countries must put their guard up even in the migration department.

Impact of Leadership in Organizational School Culture Essay

Impact of Leadership in Organizational School Culture - Essay Example She acknowledges that they do not respect each other due to lack of a consistent culture. The principal thus decides to institute a culture week to have the students showcase different cultures to ease the apparent tension. Lack of a homogenous school culture is both oppressive and discriminatory for other subgroups found within the school. The decision to include students in the management of their affairs is critical in effecting change that directly touches on their problems. Second: Staff stability to facilitate the development of strong cohesive school culture. Patricia Morgillo was posted to Quinnipiac Elementary School a priority school by designation of the state. The design was based students needing an intervention on the CMT. The school would receive more funding from New Haven school district, but stigma was directed to its teachers and pupils. She decided to refer to the school’s data to mobilize support for improvement from students and teachers. Previous adminis trators had not used hard data effectively to improve students' potential. "In fact, when I first came here, they used check marks to track students mostly on behavior, Morgillo said. Quinnipiac was a community school, and Morgillo knew staff had to examine statistics and soft data to implement change. Dr.Osborne, an executive in the district’s priority schools devised an action plan for addressing low test scores, strengthened professional development, and using data to effect change in different strands of the Connecticut Mastery Test.

Accounting For Financial Instruments For Securities and Investment Term Paper

Accounting For Financial Instruments For Securities and Investment Companies and Banking Institutions - Term Paper Example In particular, the use of the SFAS 157 accounting policy differs in its application for the banking industry and investment companies. Recent bouts of credit crises have ended in lasting implications in which financial instruments have stringent regulations. International accounting standards demand that certain procedures get disclosure in the accounting and valuation of financial instruments and securities. The standards are highly specific on fair value measurements for different classes of financial instruments. The objective of this report is to debate the differences in accounting for financial instruments and securities in investment companies and banking corporations with regard to SFAS 175 (ASC 820-20). Advancements in economic perspectives are responsible for the unprecedented increase in the use of financial instruments. Therefore, accounting regulations bodies have had to come up with policy guidelines to keep pace with these changes. Policy changes in regulation of finan cial instruments will continue to affect the industry for many years to come. An intriguing and somewhat challenging issue pertaining to the use of financial instruments and securities is the difference in their usage across a range of industries. SFAS 157, on fair value measurements, seeks to fill this important role and resolve any obstructing issues. This paper discusses how the financial reporting standard varies for the investment and the banking industries. SFAS 157 (ASC 820-10) Fair Value Measurements The fair value measurement standard, which came into force in 2006, seeks to provide a unified framework that offers greater consistency in application of fair value measurement guidelines (J.P. Morgan, 2).SFAS 157, Fair Value Measurement, defines fair value, outlines a framework for its measurement through levels, and expands disclosures relating to fair value. The accounting statement provides a major pronouncement to the measurement of fair value for financial instruments, an d its effects spread to several corporate entities. The broad mandate of the SFAS 157 is to increase disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. IFRS standards require that the measure on securities be at fair value. Previously, accounting regulations on measurement of value for financial instruments were scattered and inconsistent, and the Fair Value Measurements guidelines’ intention was to lay a foundation for all fair value measurements, disambiguate the term ‘fair value’, and enhance disclosures falling under the fair value categorization (Deloitte, 7). To some extent, the disclosure of the financial instrument values and particularly securities differs with the industry type, notably for the banking and the investment industry. Terms on Fair Value Measurement In SFAS 157, fair value is the price at which an asset is saleable or transferrable between participants in the market at the date the measurement takes place (J.P. Morgan, 3). Inputs can eith er be observable and unobservable, where the observable inputs are indicative of the market conditions and the unobservable inputs indicate the company’s perspective on the price of an asset. An active market is one where daily price is obtainable and the fair value is easy to obtain without reliance on forecasting models or other forms of adjustments. Accounting for Financial Instruments and Securities Financial instruments are negotiable cash instruments with a certain financial worth. Financial instruments give an entity the right to receive or the commitment to provide cash or another financial instru

Historical or Contemporary Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Historical or Contemporary Leader - Essay Example From the discussion it is clear that Gandhi should be regarded as a pioneer of using non violent method is the primary method in gaining independence as the majority of the leaders before him relied on violence. The possibility of improvement is assessed in the next paragraph. The vulnerabilities of Gandhi are also explored together with the manner in which he tried to overcome them. The paper also provides insight into what the author learned why studying the legacy of this prominent leader. The rest of the paper features application of Kouzes and Posner view of leadership to Gandhi’s experience. It is argued that he employed all exemplary methods of leadership. It is also argued that the best theory that can describe his leadership is transformational leadership theory and the relevant evidence is provided.This paper stresses that  if one examines the life of Mahatma Gandhi, one will be able to see that he did not pay much attention to theoretical aspects of leadership. Th at is why he did not produce any comprehensive definition of it in writing. However, the way he interacted with his followers might be regarded as suitable way to explore what leadership meant to him. Thus, based on this observation, it is obvious that for Gandhi leadership was a unique relationship between people when one of them was directing the common efforts to achieve a particular goal. One should also keep in mind that leadership philosophy of this prominent individual consists of the following elements.

The Impact Of Automobile On Air Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

The Impact Of Automobile On Air Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay Air pollution caused by cars is one of the biggest challenges for air pollution that environmentalist are working with now a days. In the 1920s the first car was invented with a combustible engine. Henry Ford was the creator and also later founded Ford Motor Company. The invention of the car was known to be one of the biggest inventions in the 1920s it made transportation a lot better and also added to the economy to give it the boost it needed. The Ford Motor Company came out with Americas first affordable car, called the Model T. (anglefire) To this date there is no exact number of how many cars have been made or sold in the USA from when they had first been invented. A lot of the reasoning behind why there is no perfect number is mainly because not all of them are registered. On the roads today there are around 250 million register vehicles on the roadways. The U.S. Department of Transportation says that 2008 there were 136 million cars, 110 million trucks and close to 1 million buses totaling up to 247 million cars trucks and buses that are on the roads and registered. These statistics do not include cars that are unregistered and sit in junkyards. The U.S. D.O.T states the roughly 16 million new cars are bought yearly. (Wikianswer) Yes, automobiles do make life a lot easier to transport our selfs and objects but they do have an effect on us. Through many scientific test research has shown that it pays a big toll on the environment. These tests have provided us with answers to show the emissions from a car that are put into the atmosphere can be directly connected to human health issues. The exhaust on a vehicle is what produces these emissions. Once they leave the exhaust and enter the air they can be breathed in and enter the blood stream and into the bodys major organs. Diesel fueled vehicles seem to be more of a problem to us and the environment but they but they can have major effects on the body. Some of these harmful fumes that are put out into the atmosphere by a vehicle are carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, benzene, formaldehyde, polycyclic hydrocarbons, and lead. Although studies have clearly connected emissions to a wide span of health problems in the United States, the risk to each individual is very difficult to grasp as it varies. There is no doubt in anyones mind that the mores you are exposed to these toxic fumes that u will be put into a greater risk. (BBC) People who already expierance respiratory problems are at a much greater risk then people who dont suffer from asthma for an example. The biggest and most obvious of where the emissions will take their toll on a human would be there respiratory system. In the UK air pollution cause by vehicles is said to be responsible for 24,000 early deaths every year. Many of these premature deaths have to deal with asthma, bronchitis and many other that can be brought upon someone by vehicle emissions. (BBC) Fumes from an exhaust on a car put out many toxic chemicals that affect the blood and coronary system. Studies show that about one in every 50 heart attacks are caused or triggered by air pollution. (BBC) All the chemicals found in exhaust fumes like lead, benzene, and carbon monoxide can all be connected in a harmful way to a persons blood. When more lead enters the bloodstream it can change around the formation of the red blood cells in your body. It is directly connected to damaging the red blood cells membranes and the metabolism of that cell which may cause it to have a shorter life and can happen to all the red blood cells as well. This can eventually lead to lead anemia. Anemia this when your body has a shortage of cells and this reduces the bodys ability to circulate oxygen through the body. (BBC) Benzene is a chemical that is also found In the emissions put out through the exhaust can have a major effect on bone marrow also damages the way in which the body can produce more red blood cells and their development. When humans get exposed to this chemical it results in a decreasing number of blood cells known as cytopenia. If a human comes in an excessive amount of contact with this chemical it can result in complete bone marrow loss. Which leads to many other health issues that can also lead to death. Carbon monoxide poisoning is a very big issue that most of us have heard of, and we all even protect ourselves from this deadly, highly poisonous, odorless gas. Yet most of us most likely do not realize that your very own family vehicle helps contribute to the two-thirds of the worlds carbon monoxide gases that enter our world atmosphere. Carbon monoxide poisoning is very to suffocation. Carbon monoxide binds to the hemoglobin contained in the red blood cells 200 times more effect ively then oxygen, and so can dramatically reduce the ability of the cells to transport and release oxygen to the tissues of the body. (www.bbc.co.uk) This can cause many problems with main organs and within minutes of being surrounded by the fumes you can die. (BBC) When a human comes in contact with these toxic chemicals it stimulates the bodys immune system to attack its own tissues mainly the cells that line our blood vessels. At one short time period the damage can be small but over time the more exposure that a person get it can build up, this can lead to blocking of the vessels and leads to high blood pressure or even heart disease. (BBC) Recent studies have shown that the more that a human is exposed to emissions can lead to behavioral changes, also impairs mental function. This can be detrimental to a persons learning or memory. In our body the immune system is also a very vulnerable place. Benzene and nitrogen dioxide and matter from an exhaust works against the immune system. This leads to either an over active immune system which cannot tell a difference between foreign invaders and it self and as a result it can attack itself. Emissions from an auto mobile can cause people to form greater risk of getting cancer. If in contact or exposed to the chemical of benzene for good amount of time the long term is known to create leukemia. This brings upon a big problem for people who have weak immune systems. Polycyclic hydrocarbons are also thought to be carcinogenic. Several of these compounds have caused tumors in laboratory animals when they ate them, when they were applied to their skin, or when they breathed them in the air for a long period of time. Studies in animals have also shown that the polycyclic hydrocarbons can cause harmful effects on the skin and on body fluids and its thought that they are responsible for lung cancer in gas.(BBC) Emissions from a vehicle dont just have an impact on our health but have one on environmental health such as plants and animals too. Emissions contribute to two very big problems in the world to, acid rain and global warming. Acid rain is rain that has contaminated with sulfur and nitrogen oxides. Acid rain is formed when pollutions called nitrogen and sulfur oxides contained in plant smoke, factory smoke and exhaust fumes. (Anglefire) Acid rain causes many problems and can cause buildings, bridges and statues to fall apart because the high acidic levels make them fall apart quicker than normal ageing. Acid rain cause more problems by raising the pH level in any bodies of water. This can cause harm to any animal that lives off or water or fish in the water. When acid rain builds up and gets to a high acidic level it can really cause harm to soil. This is another bad consequence because the trees life of the soil and it can permanently damage their roots. When their roots are damaged it affects the whole tree, not being able to get enough nutrients to any part of the tree that needs it. This causes wildlife surrounded about the tree to not get what they might not need, it can also cause the tree and other plants not be able to properly complete their photosynthesis. Smog is yet another problem that is caused by acid rain which is harmful to us to breathe in. If the water s acidic enough it can have a reaction to cer tain types of metals that maybe the water might run through pipes to get to us the people. (Angelfire) Emissions from vehicles also contribute heavily to global warming because of its high carbon dioxide output on a combustible engine. Carbon dioxide is a thick gas that traps, when it is released to the earths atmosphere it acts as a big solar shield and it keeps the heat trapped in. The emissions from a vehicle make up about one third of the worlds carbon dioxide in the earths atmosphere. (Withgott 2012) Ways to control and maybe even in the future do away with engine emissions, there are many out there and some are already being worked into todays society. Many vehicles that run off of ethanol have been looked into as an alternative to gasoline. But even though ethanol is better than gasoline it still contributes to the emissions that are building up in the worlds atmosphere. There are also new options such as the flex fuel cars and trucks that can use up to 100% ethanol which is a lot better than gasoline but still isnt where environmentalist would like it to be. Ever since these flex fuel cars have been produced, the production keeps going up. However People do not realize that flex fuel is limited in supply. (Nutramed) Another alternative are electric cars. These cars are out on the road being tested and improved every day. On these cars there are many limitations one of them is that batteries to run a car can wear out very quickly due to the amount of recharges that are needed and the materials for the batteries are expensive and are also running low. Also with electric cars if you are charging them with some outlet that is connected to the main factory, and that factory builds their electricity by using fossil fuel then there are little to no benefits because the factories generate a lot of the pollution as well. (Nutramed) There is also another alternative to gasoline powered vehicles this one is most likely the best one yet. Hydrogen fueled cars are the best when it comes to emissions because they are promised to put out close to zero emissions. The only thing that is put out by this vehicle is water vapor. The fossil fueled vehicles today emit all types of harmful chemicals. Hybrid vehicles take a shot at it but they still do not take away all the emissions, the only one out there that will promise to keep the air clean and emit zero pollution would be the hydrogen fueled automobile. These types of cars will be available in the future but will be very expensive and will only have few designated fill stations. People will most likely not start seeing these cars regularly till the distant future. (Nutramed) Cities and towns could help the cause by improving their public transportation to hybrids to start and advise their people about what their cars are actually doing. If people had to go a short distance and would ride their bikes or even walk it would already start to help out the environment. (Nutramed) The clean air act was passed by congress in 1970 and amended in 1977 and 1990; this act had required the environmental protection agency to set national air quality standards to help the protection against pollutions in the ozone like carbon monoxide. Some states have even made standards that when the car goes for inspection that it is checked to see if it emitting the least amount of pollutants as possible. (EPA) Air pollution is one of the most challenging topics that environmentalist are dealing with mainly from car emission. Due to all the changes that they are working towards and are working hard on all the standards generations after us may never be driving fossil fueled cars in their lifetime. Public transportation will be as big as it used to and see many more people using this type of transportation. As the future comes at us the technology is only getting better and who know what it holds in store for us. At some point the technology will be our answer to environmental problems with vehicles with zero emissions. WORK CITED Withgott, Jay. Environmental Science: Your world your turn. Boston, MA: Pearson, 2011.Print. 2 Plain English guide to the clean air act| air and radiation | US EPA. US Environmental Protection agency. Web.30.March 2011. 3 Acid Rain: welcome to anglefire. Web.30 mar 2011. http://www.anglefire.com/acidrainreport 4 Inventions: Automobile: Anglefire :welcome to angle fire Web. 24 mar. 2011 http://www.anglefire.com 5 Answers.com-how many cars are currently in the US. Wikianswers- The QA wiki. Web. 24.mar.2011 http://www.wikianswers.com 6 BBC -Health : exhaust emissions. BBC- homepage. Web. 24.mar. http://www.bbc.co.uk 7 Car exhaust, Air pollution and the Environment: Health Effects of Exhaust Chemicals. Alpha Online, Clean Air, Nutrition for the 21st Century, Solutions for Medical Problems.web.24 mar. http://www.nutramed.com/environment/cars 8 Immunodeficiency Disorders-PubMed Health. Immunodeficiency Disorders. Web. 30mar. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth

The Alien And Sedition Acts :: essays research papers

The debate over the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 revealed bitter controversies on a number of issues that had been developing since the penning of the Constitution. The writers of the document knew that over time the needs of the nation and its people would change, and therefore provided for its amendment. But by not expressly delegating powers to specific organizations, whether the federal government, state governments, or the people themselves, they inadvertently created a major problem in the years to follow: Constitutional interpretation.Shortly after the Constitution's ratification, two distinct camps formed, each believing in opposite manners of interpretation. One group, the Federalists, led by the newly appointed Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, thought that the Constitution should be interpreted very loosely. He claimed that the Constitution contained powers other than those delegated or enumerated. These unspecified powers were implied powers. To explain these powers, Hamilton said it would be natural - or implied - that the federal government would gain control over any territory gained through conquest of purchase, although the Constitution made no mention of territorial control. In essence, Hamilton wished to use the implied powers to build a strong and authoritative central government.In 1789, the Minister to France Thomas Jefferson, to Francis Hopkinson of Pennsylvania, protesting that "I am not of the party of the federalists. But I am much farther from that of the anitfederalists." However, the situation was so sensitive that he could not help but chose a side. In 1795, Jefferson wrote to a congressman from Virginia, William Giles, that he "held "t honorable to take a firm and decided part." The group he sided with, the Democratic-Republicans, favored a strict interpretation. As their leader, Jefferson argued that all powers not enumerated by the Constitution belonged to the States. The basi s for his argument was the old English "compact" theory. This theory stated that various individuals, in this case the states, joined together in a formal agreement of government. Since the states had drawn up the contract and given power to the federal government, it should be up to them to decide who received the power, not the body they created.This debate over interpretation thus sparked one of the first and major issues that eventually led to the Alien and Sedition Acts: should a strong central government be formed (federalist desire), or should the individual states have control. And wild attacks of the ensuing debate also ignited the second issue, public defamation, which led to the Sedition Act.

Group Roles and the Nursing Process

The learning process in health care had revolutionized through time. Consequently, electronic communication and data storage have become critical in health care. Nursing education has been in demand for the past years and increasing dynamically in this aging world. Thus, the proper training and attitude must be inculcated from nursing students to registered nurses. Under nursing guidelines, there are six recognized phases of the nursing process. These are data collection or assessment, diagnosis, identification of goals or desired outcomes, planning of interventions, implementation of treatment and care, and evaluation. Each step is important to be accomplished accurately and properly since we’re dealing with human health, a human life. Each of these phases usually has additional steps. For example, diagnosis implies interpreting data, relating data to other data, formulating hypotheses, determining additional data needed to test hypotheses, and so on. The data collection or assessment is the systematic gathering of information about the strengths and weaknesses of the patient. These include objective and subjective data. The objective data are the ones observed by the nurse herself while subjective data are those observed by the patient or his relatives and friends. The nursing diagnosis is the description of the patient’s health status, which contains the etiology and defining characteristics of the patient’s disease. In identification of goals or outcomes, it must be patient-centered, realistic, specific and measurable even in a limited time. A careful planning of the interventions that will be done must be considered. These interventions might be initiated by the nurse herself, the physician, or other provider in the health care team. The implementation of the treatment and care is a part of intervention already and this must coincide to the set of goals or expected outcomes. An evaluation must be done to assess if the goal was met. If not, identify the possible steps or decisions that hinder in the achievement of such goal and learn from it. With such complex nursing process, cautious division of duties must be planned and done for process optimization. Hence, group role is a common practice in actual nursing duties. The responsibility is given based on the individual’s familiarity of the work and confidence in handling such work. It also requires accepting responsibly a variety of group roles, participating actively on the clinical rotation’s plan, staying on task, respecting different ideas, and disagreeing to ideas and not to the person whenever necessary. It is then relevant to know how to socially interact in a nursing environment. The usual group roles in such environment are manager, recorder or checker, skeptic, and energizer or summarizer. As a manager of the nursing team on a given shift, you must keep your team on track, direct them of the steps for completion of the tasks, and make sure everyone participates. As a recorder, act as a scribe for the team and make sure everyone agreed on the plans and actions being discussed. As a skeptic, help the team to avoid coming into agreement quickly and make sure all possibilities have been explored. Try to give alternative ideas too to make sure goals are achieved and well-polished. As an energizer, uplift the spirit of the team when things go low especially in cases where there are tough or vital patients. Summarize also what has been discussed and concluded by the team. The time must also be considered when assuming group roles in accomplishing each phase of the nursing process. Since human life is crucial and imperative, each second you lose or you waste is also the same second you will never get back. Just think about it. It could have weaved another chance or a longer chance for the patient to stay with his loved ones. References Goossen, W. T. F. , Ozbolt, J. G. , Coenen, A. , Park, H. , Mead, C. ,Ehnfors, M. , and Marin, H. F. 2004) Development of a Provisional Domain Model for the Nursing Process for Use within the Health Level 7 Reference Information Model. Journal of American Medical Informatics Association [Internet]. May–June, 11(3), pp. 186–194. Available from: [Accessed 20 January 2007]. Joubert, T. (n. d. ) Roles and social interaction. Hagar [Internet]. Available from: [Accessed 20 January 2007]. Mount Mercy College. (n. d. ) Nursing process guidelines [Internet]. Version 8. 19. 1. Iowa, MMC. Available from: [Accessed 20 January 2007].

A danger of a single story Essay

Literature is something that matters. It has the power to change and shape our minds and opinions. It has the power to change the perception of the world around us and to boost our imagination. Take us far away from the reality to the world of illusions and let our minds flourished with imagination. One might think how amazing it is, but fiction as it is here today may often matter much more than it is meant to. TED is a non-profit global community whose mission is to spread ideas usually in the form of short talks which last no more than 18 minutes. TED began in 1984 as a conference, and today covers wide range of topics – from science to philosophy to global issues – in more than 100 languages welcoming people from every discipline and culture who seek a deeper understanding of the world. Both of the presenters whose ideas I will mention are novelists and story tellers. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is a Nigerian anglophone writer who succeeded in attracting a new generation of readers to African literature. In her novels, she is inspired by the history of her nation and its tragedies that are forgotten by recent generation of westerners. Elif Shafak is a Turkish novelist born in Strasbourg, France who is the most widely read female writer in Turkey. Her books have been translated into more than twenty-five languages. Ch. N. Adichie in her talk warns that if we hear only a single story about another person or country, we risk a critical misunderstanding. Things are not usually just black and white and we have to make every effort to open our minds and explore what is real. Elif Shafak talks about the danger into which writers from different cultures are put at; the pressure-that-makes-them-feel-as-a-representatives-of-their-cultures. She makes a strong division between fiction and reality – fiction and daily politics. Although, both of the writers are of non-western origin which to some extend make them quite similar in terms of cultural stereotypes, it  seems that they do not share the same view of function of a story in our lives. While talking about the cultural and social background of these two writers, there are many things in which they differ, although their life journeys have many in common. Ch. N. Adichie was born in Nigeria, Africa. She grew up in a conventional middle-class family, her father was a professor and her mother was an administrator. She had a very happy childhood in a very close-knit family. However, a kind of political fear invaded their lives on the place they live. However, Chimamanda was a happy child who was writing stories about white people, just like those who she was reading about in books. On the other hand, Elif Shafak; although, she has Turkish parents, was born in France, Europe and when her parents got separated she was bringing up by her mother and her grandmother in Turkey. Her position was quite dissimilar to Adichie’ as she was not living in a nuclear family. She grew up in a patriarchal environment where fathers were the heads of households. She was raised as a single child by a single mother, which was; at those times, a bit unusual. Elif Shafak was an introverted child talking to her imaginary friends. She had a vivid imagination and unlike Adichie, she was not inspired by stories that she had read, but she wrote about people she had never seen and things that never really happened. Nevertheless, their writing experience took place at the same time. They both started to write around the age of 7; though, their style was different. Moreover, the life journey of these two women seems to be quite similar. Just like Adichie, Shafak also studied abroad. They have travelled the world and this made these women who they are nowadays. It made them being experienced, open-minded and well-educated,-powerful-women. This leads me to the matter of stereotypes. As I mentioned, both writers have travelled a lot and during their lives they have experienced stereotypes on their own skin. Ch. N. Adichie mentions several personal stories from her life in which she pays attention to the stereotypes. She talks about how her roommate in the USA was surprised that she had learnt speak English so well,  that she had not been raised in poverty, that music which Adichie was listening to was not different in any feature from mainstream one. Chimamanda focuses on African stereotypes that she experienced. As a result, she demonstrates that stereotypes are created by single stories, and the problem with the stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete. At the same time, Elif uses her personal experience as well. Like Adichie, she attended a school abroad as well, and she experienced cultural stereotypes. She talks about the clusters based on cultural identity. The school, which she attended, was multicultural. The only problem was that each child was seen as a representative of his or her nation and every time something happened in connection to their nation they were ridiculed and bullied because of it. As Adichie experienced stereotypes concerning Africa, Elif Shafak came across some cultural stereotypes concerning her nationality as well and these were politics, smoking and veil. Doesn’t matter she had never been smoking before, or she had never been raised in a environment where a rule of wearing a veil was obligatory, she was expected to do so because it was a general image of her nation and her culture. In contrast, the notion of power is discussed from different points of view by these two writers. To clarify this, I will put down both of them in sequence. The most significant difference is in context they use. On one hand, Adichie talks about the power as the ability not just to tell the story, but also as the ability to chose which story is being told, how it is told, who tells it; therefore, the ability to make from one story the definite one, the single story. She appeals not that much to writers, but to readers and people in general. She demonstrates how important it is not to see things just black and white; thus, try to open our minds and explore. Without doubt, Elif’s viewpoint to the question of power is quite distinct. It seems to me like the other side of the coin when she; unlike Adichie, analyses the relation between power and writer not power and reader. Shafak puts into relation power with the notion of pressure. She demonstrates how  writers are seen as the representatives of their cultures. In her talk, she manifests how world of politics affects the way stories are being written, reviewed and read. If you are a person with a particular cultural background you are expected to write informative and characteristic stories about your world and to show manifestation of your identity. As an illustration, Elif as a woman from a Muslim world is expected to write stories of Muslim women and preferably, the unhappy stories of unhappy Muslim women just because she happened to be one. And in connection to this, here comes the main distinction between their understanding of power. While Adichie sees a story and fiction as tools for shaping our minds by which we can understand people, nations and things what they really are, Shafak thinks that when stories are seen as more than stories, they lose their magic; in other words, she says fiction is just fiction, not daily politics. In both cases one must admit that thoughts which were brought up were relevant. It doesn’t matter what is your cultural background; what is important it is your personal growth. These two women have stepped over the shadows of their cultural stereotypes. They pointed at a serious problem of nowadays in a context of literature and the credibility of information itselves. They both; however, in a different way, open people’s minds and let us think. And this is when a story matters.

Architecture, Building and Planning Term Paper Writing Guidelines

Architecture, Building and Planning Term Paper Writing Guidelines You can produce a supreme quality architecture term paper with proper planning. First of all, you have to decide on an interesting and challenging topic, then find a specific angle and a good thesis statement for the chosen subject matter. Next, make sure to put your ideas in order in a clear and concise outline. Start writing. When you’re done with the first draft, don’t forget to revise and proofread your piece until you are 100% satisfied with the ideas, thoughts and their expression within the text. In the following sections of this architecture term paper guide, we will discuss in turn each of the issues mentioned above. The Topic: How to Choose the Best One Are you unsure what topic would become the best fit for your architecture term paper? It’s time to conduct some research. Take into account the topics related to architecture area and pick on two or three that you find the most attractive. Besides, you can spend some time searching for the articles in architecture magazines or newspapers in order to find out what issues get the biggest buzz in the architecture world today. In the process, ensure to keep in mind the length of your term paper and do your best to select the topic that you can explore in detail without producing too little or too much prose. Stay away from the issues that have been already done to death. Give your preference to something fresh and slightly explored or something popular and then research the topic from a completely different perspective. The point here is that a relevant, insightful and captivating topic will motivate you to get started as soon as possible and will make it easier to collect supporting evidence. And here are a few suggestions: What Are the Types of Architecture that Are Established According to the Needs of Its Different Institutions? Vernacular Architecture and Its Straightforwardly Utilitarian Design; The Impact of Globalization on Architecture and Architectural Ethics; Using Recent Architecture Innovations: What Is the Downside of Architecture Inventions in Modern World? Do Digital Tools Make Architects Less/More Productive at Studying or Work? Rampant Imagination in the Field of Architecture: Should be There Any Limits? The Peculiarities Of Light As a Quality in Architecture; Has The Modern Architecture Changed the Way People Live? The Impact of Globalization on Contemporary Architecture. The Importance of a Thesis Statement for Architecture Term Paper If you happen to choose the topic that is quite broad, make certain to narrow it down now. An effective architecture term paper should take a certain angle on a more general topic or cover only one aspect of it. It’s necessary to sum up your topic into a single sentence i.e. the thesis statement. Compose your thesis statement with due attention since it’s the trickiest part to produce. According to the manual provided by The Tutoring Center Bucks County Community College, the thesis sets the overall point of your term paper. Craft it in accordance with the type of the project you’re assigned with. The thing is that not every term paper teaches, and not every term paper persuades. The key goal of your architecture term paper will help you to tailor the best thesis statement. Analytical: This type of term paper breaks down a complex topic in order to better research and understand one. For instance: â€Å"The types of architecture depend upon social formations and may be classified in accordance with the role of the patron in the community.† Expository: The term paper of this kind illustrates or teaches a certain point. For instance: â€Å"The most impressive monuments are the so-called stÃ… «pas that are of gigantic size and have considerable antiquity but usually reconstructed throughout the centuries.† Argumentative: The architecture term paper of an argumentative type makes a claim, or supports a viewpoint, to change the opinions of the other people. For instance: â€Å"Even though contemporary architecture hadn’t allowed the expression of conflicts of function between various spaces, in deconstruction, it permits intersecting angled beams and clash of various functionless spaces.† Find a good place for a thesis statement. Taking into account the role that the thesis plays, it should be placed at the beginning of the term paper, usually at the end of the first paragraph. Even though many of your readers may expect to see the thesis statement somewhere at the end of the opening paragraph, the actual location depends on a range of factors like the length of the intro or the term paper itself. How to Prepare an Impressive Introduction An introduction of the architecture term paper provides an overall review of your project, as well as includes a couple of slightly different issues from the abstract. It introduces the topic and sets one in a broader context, narrowing the topic down to a particular research issue, hypothesis and thesis. A complete introduction explains how the author is going to handle the research problem, as well as provides the hints to make the target readers want to read more and more of your work. Feel free to introduce the architecture topic through a quotation, a historical fact or an anecdote. When working on architecture or science term paper, you can find dozens of ways to start your intro and announce the topic. An illustrative quotation or anecdote can generate interest in your project and demonstrate an engaging author’s style. Humor is a great way to hook your audience. If you use an entertaining quotation, ensure it’s short and relevant for your research. If you work on â€Å"The Development of Architecture Design in the 20th Century†, mentioning the following words would be good: â€Å"Good design is all about making other designers feel like idiots because the idea wasnt theirs.† (Frank Chimero) or A doctor can bury his mistakes but an architect can only advise his clients to plant vines.† (Frank Lloyd Wright). Like in thousands of Hollywood movies, the first task in this section is to set the initial scene. This will provide your architecture term paper with a context, as well as enable your readers to see how this paper is relevant to the previous research in the area. The introduction can be based on a historical narrative. You can chronologically outline the very first research performed in the field and gradually proceed to the present day. For instance, the first identified architect in history was Imhotep, who lived in 2600 BCE in Egypt. The earliest architecture items in Greece, China or Egypt were the first buildings that allowed us to outsource and store our knowledge. As for the new study researches, mention Carmel Place the micro-unit apartment building provided by â€Å"nArchitects† (New York City), where the classic New York skyscraper is virtuously combined with the loft-like rental apartments look. It is important to assume that your term paper is aimed at the readers, who can boast of having a solid working knowledge of your particular discipline. For instance, a term paper on the creation of the open floor plan-designing rooms that flow and open out into each other Frank Lloyd Wright contributed to needs not go into too much detail about the most famous architect in the U.S. It’s assumed your target readers are already aware of his relationships and beliefs. The Body of an Architecture Term Paper Even though it may sound quite irrational, producing your introduction first may be harder than starting with the central part of your paper. If you begin your architecture project by writing the main points in order to back up your thesis statement, you’ll be able to slightly change and replace your ideas and facts. Ensure to support every thesis statement you make with strong evidence. Taking into account the fact that you’re working on a term paper now, there should not be any issues that you provide that cannot be supported by the points directly from your research. If you inform your readers on the fact that â€Å"In the USA, late 18th century architecture and early 19th century building designs were usually based on Greek and Roman architecture† or that â€Å"A spectacular example of iron-and-glass construction is the well-known Henri Labrouste’s nine-domed reading room that is located at the Bibliothà ¨que Nationale, in Paris†, it’s important to support the claims with the facts provided by the trusted researches like â€Å"Late 18th Century Architecture† and â€Å"Henri Labrouste and the Lure of the Real† respectively. Keep away from using many direct quotes that are too long. Without a doubt, your term paper is based on an in-depth research; however, your task here is to provide your own ideas. Unless the quote you include is 100% necessary, paraphrase and analyze it using your own words instead. Not sure the body of your paper is up to the task? If yes, ensure to isolate the first sentence of every paragraph. Together, they should sound like a complete list of logically structured evidence. Master the Secret of an Effective Conclusion with Architecture Term Paper Tips from Our Experts What is the conclusion of an architecture term paper? Well, it’s one of the crucial moments in the assignment of the type, accomplished in progress of its creation. First of all, you have to draw a parallel between the introduction and the conclusion. These two segments must be interconnected. Start with the justification of relevance and proceed to the argumentation of the research goal, the achievement of which was the result of the term paper. Having described the problems you have solved and the goals you’ve achieved, switch your attention to the results of the practical work. Ensure to substantiate their importance, prove why it was crucial to introduce these actions in practice, as well as argue the personal opinion on the phenomena, processes, and methods of solving the arising problems. At the end of the section, make sure to sketch up the plans for future research, as well as suggest the ways of possible improvement and modernization. A good example of the conclusion for the architecture term paper on â€Å"How Nature Can Provide Reliable and Sustainable Building Solutions† would be the following: â€Å"Green Architecture is the most significant architectural movement at the present moment. As has been seen, the ecological damage caused by modern buildings (mainly by the heating and air-con systems, e.g., by the use of unsustainable materials in the process) can be recorded in real figures, such as the amount of carbon dioxide the modern buildings produce in terms of how much these buildings contribute to global warming. As has been observed, there are tons of pressures on the architects, and on the industry as a whole, to create high-quality buildings. This will only keep on increasing in the future. For that reason, architects, such as Eugene Tsui, who consider buildings as living organisms, are not so far-fetched.† Ensure You’ve Got a Style You use dozens of outside sources? Make sure to find out what citation style is set by your academic institution, APA or MLA (or any other style if you don’t live in the United States). Every style has its own notation system; however, if you’re not sure about the rules, it’s recommended to use one of the manuals available online for APA, Harvard, Chicago or any other style. Peppering your term paper with quotes is a good thing to do, but make sure your â€Å"meal† isn’t too â€Å"hot†. Keep away from cutting and pasting from the projects written by someone else. By all means use the thoughts of the wise men of your field to support our own thinking but avoid saying nothing else but â€Å"N says† or â€Å"N claims†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Your audience wants to know what the author of the paper says intimately. Sort out the bibliography from the very beginning in order to avoid the last minute panic.

Quality Assessment Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Quality Assessment Plan - Assignment Example We set out a methodology of assessment within a plan that also includes documentation of where our trainers are meeting the standards, and where this is not happening. This gives us information on how we might improve our trainers' performance, after which we would refine the assessment method and repeat the process. Although we expect our trainers to contribute to creating new courses and curricula, in this assessment plan we want to know if they provide effective training. Our trainers deal with a particular cross-section of people here in the establishment. Students are adult, even if they are mostly still young and, for the most part, they learn like adults. That means that they have bigger egos, are less willing to take risks and have some clear expectations. For our trainers, typically well up on their technical subjects, the challenge is on how they teach, not what they teach. We need to see our trainers deal positively with things like bad prior experiences in traditional education or mixed feelings about authority. We need to see them make optimal use of class learning through group discussions, open-ended questions and positive exchange of feedback. To start the process for defining learning objectives for the trainers themselves, assessors from this department recently made a needs analysis concerning the trainers. From this needs analysis, it became clear once again that our trainers need to manage a class to produce students that have good chances of getting employment. In particular, we list the following learning objectives for our trainers together with required standards of outcome: Trainers working with young people to train them in the installation and maintenance of plumbing and heating systems have ten learning objectives themselves: Trainer's objective Measured by standard creation of a motivating learning environment student attendance rate over and above the statutory minimum for drawing unemployment benefit 1 extra hour per day focusing student attention on the objective of getting a job the number of job interviews generated from course Average of 2 interviews per student increase of student retention of information Written test for students 90% of students do better than the minimum pass-rate learn how to ensure progress is being made Continuing assessment of students See separate rating sheet handle possible conflicts Rapidity of resolution No more than 2 minutes how to manage different learning speeds among students Coursework accomplished for class in general Finish 90% or more of coursework for all students how to manage different learning aptitudes / styles among students Coursework accomplished for course in general Finish 90% or more of coursework for all students maintaining the right level of class discipline Speed, pace of progress Daily coursework accomplished to 95% or more facilitating class discussion Give and take feedback 3 valid feedbacks given and 3 received per day encouraging student participation How much students contribute Each student to contribute to three discussions a day What does this plan do

Brand Strategy Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brand Strategy Analysis - Case Study Example The company also maintains threats that come directly from the consumer and their attitude regarding Starbucks’ quality and viability to fit their needs. Domestically, the success in consumer attitude or its previous ability to corner the market on unique coffee products met with higher capital growth for expansion into new market environments. However, the business has had to adjust its marketing strategies to include extension into the virtual environment, as only one example, because of this influence. Coupled with growth in competition know-how and product replication, Starbucks is unsure of whether its expansion from years prior will continue to serve its sustainability or growth objectives. The extension of other value-added products such as theater tickets or other branded merchandise is one contingency for revenue production that meets with short-term gains based on social or cultural trends. However, Starbucks seems to be able to recognize the appropriate short-term b randing partnerships and builds, at least, a short-run increase in sales growth. Starbucks’ hot spot music-related product focus is yet another example of its short-term focus in gaining higher revenues. Using reputable artists or other media to explore new technologies and sounds appealed to a buyer sentiment in the late 1990s at a time when there was little in terms of social media or other advertising formats. These strategies are now facing competition from major players in music downloads and kiosk formats such as Apple iTunes and multitudes of music downloading and access sites. This requires Starbucks to be always flexible regarding its strategic goals for gaining new market share or improving its capital position to be used in expansion or other business objectives related to outperforming other industry leaders or direct competitors. Success, Growth and the Global Brand They key successes are in environmental scanning to recognize opportunities in measurement to comp etition and buyer attitudes driven either by social factors, cultural factors or generic attitudes toward coffee and its innovations or convenience. Extension into non-food product offerings shows this flexibility and understanding of environmental forces that influence how the company manages its total product offering package. The company was able to build its positive brand based on quality by reinforcing through advertising and actual product that it was a best-in-class offering using only quality ingredients and development expertise. It was an engrained strategy used to appeal to mass market groups of varying demographics that never changed its positioning to create a portrait in the minds of consumers against competition. Starbucks’ growth strategy seemed a bit premature, extending itself into unknown markets too quickly without adequate knowledge of what their social trends included. Joint ventures and other partnerships provided the expertise and/or funding necessary to achieve this sudden growth, however only so much knowledge can be developed when most efforts are directed toward product innovation as a key goal or branding attribute. The partnerships with agencies such as Marriott were a practical and realistic method of introducing Starbucks into new environments where coffee consumption was typical. However, with high risks of cheapening the brand and allowing it to be leveraged and capitalized upon by knowledge leaders in the partner or joint

Summery for <the contemporary global economy> Essay

Summery for - Essay Example Because of its potential benefits, governments and other stakeholders as well as advancements in technology have ensured sustainable globalization. However, critics argue that globalization is responsible for adverse socio-cultural, economic and environmental conditions in developing nations. Critically assessing chapter four, this article relates to the production of cocoa for export in Ivory Coast. The arguments in the article resonate with the story of cocoa production in Ivory Coast. In Ivory Coast, cocoa produced finds its way to foreign market, mainly the United States because of globalization. However, the cocoa is produced from small farms under forced child labor and is subject to fluctuating world market price. Farmers in Ivory Coast have no say on the prices paid for their cocoa. As such, they are compelled to seek cheap labor, which has been found on forced labor. From the article, it is apparent that globalization promotes international trade by opening up new markets for products of countries and firms. However, developed countries seem to benefit more from globalization than developing countries. As such, it would be better to implement international trade laws checking on unhealthy competition, price stability and equal benefit of all participants in international

Leadership Behavior and Conflict Management in Small Groups Essay Example for Free

Leadership Behavior and Conflict Management in Small Groups Essay Small groups of people with common interests often come together to exchange information, collaborate and cooperate in the pursuit of a shared goal. These members have the time and space to meet and share ideas through interaction and participation. When such groups face tough and insurmountable problems it helps to have a visionary leader to help them cooperate and work together as a team (Forsyth, 2006). The study of small groups helps us to understand basic human behavior and how leaders transform groups and resolve conflicts (Hare, 1965). According to Forsyth, Donelson â€Å"Leadership is the process by which an individual guides others in their pursuits, often by organizing, directing, coordinating, supporting and motivating their efforts†. The process of leadership has evolved basically from the need to be organized. We observe similar qualities in the flock of birds that fly across the sky and among the herd of elephants deep in the jungles. But with humans, leadership processes have become as varied and complex as the many research studies that have been conducted. The leadership process is reciprocal, when it is mutually influences the leader and the follower, transactional when both the leaders and followers work together for common goals, transformational when leaders are able to inspire their followers into doing their best, cooperative when members select their leader voluntarily, adaptive when members are motivated to achieving group goals, task oriented when the leader focuses all the activities of the followers towards the achievement of group goals and relationship oriented when the focus is on the interpersonal relationship between group members. (Forsyth, 2006). While leadership processes are varied, the qualities found in leaders are also equally diverse. Though inborn personality traits are helpful in small group settings like being sociable, outgoing and expressive most leadership traits are acquired (Barrick Mount 1991). Normally leaders tend to be more intelligent than their followers in small groups. But most groups find it difficult to handle leaders with very high intellectual abilities (C. A. Gibb, 1969). On the other hand it is very helpful if a leader is endowed with emotional intelligence and the ability to be flexible to suit the demands of a particular situation (Kenny Zaccaro, 1983). Research studies have also shown that followers place undue importance to leaders who speak a lot more than necessary, as compared to leaders who are men of few words (Sorrentino Boutillier, 1975). The intriguing phenomenon of effective leadership has given rise to varying theories. Each of them has their related leadership training program as well. According to Fiedler’s Contingency Theory, a leader’s effectiveness depends on the way he relates to hi followers and in his ability to control situations. Here he specified three factors that influenced the leader’s control; the cohesiveness of the group, the concentration of power in the hands of the leader and whether group goals were structured or not. Using the Least Preferred Worker Scale (LPC), he rated people who were relationship oriented high and those who were task oriented low on the LPC score. The Octants based on this show that the task oriented leaders are effective when situations are highly favorable and unfavorable and relationship oriented leaders are effective in moderate situations (Forsyth, 2006). Fiedler has taken into consideration the good and the bad leader-member relations, the structured and unstructured goals. But groups goals are sometimes partly structured, leaders have average power and there exists fair leader- member relations. This middle range seems more possible and plausible while considering small group situations. In Robert Blake and Jane Mouton’s The Leadership Grid the focus, is again on task and relationship orientation, and they have come up with five different styles of leadership. In the ‘apathetic’ approach the leader has no interest in either achieving goals or improving group relations. The ‘country club’ approach as the name suggests adopts a friendly working atmosphere. While the ‘middle road approach’ has a leader who balances the work done and maintains the morale of the people; the ‘task master’ gets the work done and is less concerned about the feelings of the group members. The ‘team work approach’, is considered the best as its members are committed to their goal and share a feeling of mutual trust and respect (Forsyth, 2006). The style of the leadership depends on the maturity of the group members according to the Situational Leadership Theory given by Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard. They emphasize that an effective leader should display four styles of leadership. An effective leader should ‘direct’ the group members when they are inexperienced, ‘coach’ them as their competence level increases, offer ‘support’ when they are moderately mature and ‘delegate’ tasks when they are committed (Forsyth, 2006). Though this approach doesn’t talk about task and relationship orientation it is feasible in small groups. The Leader Member Exchange (LMX) approach is based on how members respond to their leaders. If they value their leader there is a heightened level of efficiency, commitment and loyalty and they become a part of the privileged inner group. The others who do not respond positively form the outer group and continue to do their work. The key to the leader’s effectiveness depends on his capacity to bring all his followers within the inner group (Forsyth, 2006). The Lewin-Lippitt-White study focused on the control the leader had over his group and their level of participation. Under laboratory conditions they studied the effect of shared and unshared power in the context of small groups. Groups with an authoritarian leader reflected greater dependence and showed signs of more conflict, whereas under a democratic leader group members learnt to be more self reliant. The laissez-faire group was added later with a leader who rarely interfered and followers who learnt to make their own decisions. This group wasn’t as cohesive as the democratic style that emerged the best. The group with a democratic leader had the highest group oriented suggestions, more friendly behavior and less critical discontent (Forsyth, 2006). Since power was shared participants felt empowered to make meaningful decisions towards the achievement of a shared goal. This study in fact supports the concept of collective leadership as well. Craig L Pearce Jay Conger (2003) studied the effectiveness of ‘shared leadership’ when the group was removed from a traditional organizational approach. They found that groups with collective leadership outperformed the leader oriented groups. They were also the most effective in small group situations. Bernard Bass (1997) presented the Theory of Transformational Leadership based on the charisma of the leader to transform his followers. Under the influence of an inspirational leader, group members unite to show increased efficiency in pursuing collective goals. A transformational leader tends to questions old beliefs and leads his followers along paths that are not chartered, setting new trends (Forsyth, 2006). With more emphasis placed on interpersonal relations these leaders are effective in both small and large groups. Being eloquent, a charismatic leader initiates dialogues on issues where differences of opinion arise. Such open minded brain storming sessions would bring about several solutions and the group might end up accepting a hybrid goal where the best ideas have been incorporated. This builds cohesiveness and improves cooperation within the group (Potter, 1996). The charismatic leaders have a reputation of integrity and their followers show a tendency to emulate them. (Eagly, Johannesen- Schmidt Van Engen, 2003). But charismatic leaders are rare and even these exceptional leaders can get things wrong. Something that seems morally and ethically right for one person may not be so for another. Keeley, 1998). Another question that has fascinated researchers is whether men and women show different leadership behavior and do gender differences influence the process of leadership. Though historical evidence supports the fact that women have been underrepresented in leadership roles, research studies show that gender does not influence the effectiveness of a leader with both sexes displaying a balanced task and relationship orientation (Forsyth, 2006). Both men and women who hold similar positional and resource power show similarities in leadership behavior (Kanter, 1997). Women leaders show a tendency to be more agreeable, open, fair, responsible and increasingly involved in conflict management, whereas men are inclined towards power, influence and skill orientation (Forsyth, Schenker, Leary McCown, 1985). Thus the sexes differ in the styles of leadership with women adopting transformational and participative approaches, while men are likely to exhibit authoritarian, laissez-faire and transactional styles (Eagly, Johannesen-Schmidt Van Engen, 2003). Conflict management is a major challenge faced by leaders across the world. Conflict is a natural occurrence in competitive group situations. A disagreement over beliefs and actions can lead to a conflict if it is resisted. Through an interaction process analysis Robert Blake and his colleagues observed that group members spent one fifth of their time in making hostile comments. When task achievement became difficult, hostility increased and escalated into a conflict (Forsyth, 2006). The best method to manage conflict would be to have an open debate on the issue (Montana Charnov, 2000), instead of ignoring or brushing aside conflicts, an effective leader should confront it head on (Davies, Burke, Calbom Kindler, 1991). The current trend shows that leaders and followers are expected to be in contact 24/7 (Murphy Riggio). It has in turn given rise to virtual offices, having virtual teams working out of their homes in different parts of the globe. . This increased dependence in information technology has given way to e-leadership (Avolio, Kahai Dodge, 2000). In the future new leadership trends will be reinvented as business environments keep changing. Traditional power oriented organizations will give way to power sharing ones. Organizations will get decentralized, along with a cooperative use of resources (Forsyth, 2006). Competency then will depend on the leader’s vision of the future, intellectual capacity, strategic thinking, emotional strength and the ability to coordinate and develop human capital (Rivard, 2004). Together with team building and leadership, conflict resolution as a skill will have to be acquired by people interacting in small groups (Gregory Parry, 2006). It will help them to lead the world that’s growing flatter.